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File

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Vim:help writefile()

Functions

Function	Description
`executable(fname)`	Check if `fname` is executable.
`filereadable(fname)`	Returns `true` if the file is readable.
`filewritable(fname)`	Returns `true` if the file is writable.
`readfile(fname)`	Returns a `list`, which each entry is a file line.
`writefile(list, fname, flags)`	Save list of text into file.

Function	Description
`expand()`	Expand a file or path.
`fnamemodify()`	Modify a file or path.
`tempname()`	Generate temporary filenames.

To deal with filenames and its paths we use expand() and fnamemodify().

vim

let curfile = expand('%:~:.')
let arbitrary = fnamemodify('myfile', ':p:~')

TIP

For more see help filename-modifiers.

Modifier	Description
`:p`	Expand to full path.
`:h`	Head (last path component removed).
`:t`	Tail (last path component only).
`:r`	Root (one extension removed).
`:e`	Extension only.
`:~`	Replaces `$HOME` with `~`.
`:.`	Path becomes relative to `$PWD`.