Editing

Overview ​

Video and audio converter. To get information of a file, use ffprobe input.mp4.

More references:

• Audio Channel Manipulation
• Audio Volume
• Filters
• Formats
• Codecs

Usage ​

ffmpeg GLOBAL_OPTIONS INPUT_OPTIONS -i input_url OUTPUT_OPTIONS output_url

-filter_complex cannot be used with the simple filter options -af -vf. The syntax is [NUM_INPUT:CHANNEL]FILTERS[LABEL].

List available encoders with:

Video manipulation ​

Lossless copy ​

Copy part of the video with -codec copy -avoid_negative_ts make_zero. It will adapt the -ss to the previous I-Frame.

ffmpeg -ss 02:19 -to 08:18 -i full.mp4 -codec copy -avoid_negative_ts make_zero cropped.mp4

Video Trim ​

Remove segments from a video/audio.

Bellow an example of removing the segment 00:39:28 - 00:53:10 from a video and audio.

Single input ​

Read the whole video/audio once and trim using the trim filter. start end parameters are read in seconds (operators + - * / can be used) or time, relative to the start time of the input.

The segment to be removed will still be decoded and later discarded, so may be a little slow.

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.m4a \
  -filter_complex \
   "[0:v]
     trim=start='00\:43.00':end='39\:28.00',
     trim=start='53\:10.00':end='1\:42\:56.00',
     setpts=PTS-STARTPTS[0v];
    [1:a]
     atrim=start='00\:43.70':end='39\:28.70',
     atrim=start='53\:10.70':end='1\:42\:56.70',
     asetpts=PTS-STARTPTS[0a];
    [0v][0a]concat=n=1:v=1:a=1[outv][outa]" -map '[outv]' -map '[outa]' \
  result.mp4

Split input ​

Read the same video/audio multiple times with different start/end times, and concat them.

This method may have better performance because there is no decoding of the frames that will be discarded.

ffmpeg \
  -ss 0:00:43.00 -to 0:39:28.00 -i video.mp4 \
  -ss 0:00:43.70 -to 0:39:28.70 -i audio.m4a \
  -ss 0:53:10.00 -to 1:42:56.00 -i video.mp4 \
  -ss 0:53:10.70 -to 1:42:56.70 -i audio.m4a \
  -filter_complex
   '[0:v][1:a][2:v][3:a]concat=n=2:v=1:a=1[outv][outa]' -map '[outv]' -map '[outa]' \
  result.mp4

Video Scale ​

Resize the video using the scale filter to the specified width:height. If -1 is used, keep aspect ratio.

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf 'scale=960:-1:flags=lanczos' rescaled.mp4

Video Crop ​

Crop a portion of a video using the crop filter. Syntax: crop=W:H:X:Y

• W: Width of the output
• H: Height of the output
• X: Horizontal position from where to begin cropping
• Y: Vertical position from where to begin cropping

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf 'crop=600:400:660:340' cropped.mp4

Video Fade ​

Use the fade filter to fade the video in or out.

Considering an 90 seconds long video file, fade in the first 1 second and fade out the last 1 second.

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf 'fade=in:0:d=1,fade=out:st=89:d=1' out.mp4

Draw text ​

Use the drawtext filter to put some text into the video. Parameters:

For offsets, use these variables to position the text:

• w for video width
• h for video height
• tw for text width
• th for text height

Some common positioning:

For enable, here are some common expression evaluations (value in seconds, relative to the start time of the input):

• between(t, 2, 4) for showing the text between two times;
• lte(t, 2) for showing the text in the beginning;
• gte(t, 3*60+2) for showing the text in the end.

For example, if skipping some part of the content and telling it to the viewer:

ffmpeg \
-ss 02:12.60 -to 02:33.85 -i video.mp4 \
-ss 02:12.60 -to 02:33.85 -i rec.flac \
-ss 33:52.10 -to 36:46.30 -i video.mp4 \
-ss 33:52.10 -to 36:46.30 -i rec.flac \
-vcodec libsvtav1 -r 60 -crf 46 -preset 0 -g 600 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
-acodec libopus \
-filter_complex \
 "[2:v]drawtext=text='Skipping 30 minutes...':fontsize=45:fontcolor=white:borderw=2:x=(w-text_w)/2:y=(h-text_h)/2:enable='lte(t, 1.5)'[2v];
  [0:v][1:a][2v][3:a]concat=n=2:v=1:a=1[outv][outa]" -map '[outv]' -map '[outa]' \
out.mkv

Shortest ​

Set -t or -to only for one channel, and all channels will be cut at that timing too.

ffmpeg \
  -ss 05:00 -t 32 -i video.mkv \
  -ss 05:00 -i rec.flac \
  -ss 05:00 -i mix.flac -shortest \
  # ...

It does not always work. You may need to manually set the desired time with -t or -to for all channels.

Audio manipulation ​

Volume ​

Before changing the volume, calculating the volume of the input file may be useful (add -vn for videos):

ffmpeg -i input.m4a -filter:a volumedetect -f null /dev/null

Use the volume audio filter to increase or reduce the volume of the audio. Allowed values are:

• A float value: 1.5 (50% increase)
• A dB value: 15dB

ffmpeg -i low_volume.m4a -af 'volume=15dB' adjusted.m4a

Audio Fade ​

Use the afade audio filter to fade the audio in or out. Parameters:

• st is the start time, in seconds
• d is the duration, in seconds

Considering an 90 seconds long audio file, fade in the first 1 second and fade out the last 1 second.

ffmpeg -i audio.m4a -af 'afade=in:0:d=1,afade=out:st=89:d=1' out.m4a

Mono to stereo ​

Create single stereo file ​

You can use either -ac 2 or a -filter_complex.

ffmpeg -i mono.mp3 -ac 2 stereo.m4a
ffmpeg -i mono.mp3 -filter_complex '[0:a][0:a]amerge=inputs=2[outa]' -map '[outa]' stereo.m4a

Merge mono with stereo ​

ffmpeg -i mic.flac -i speakers.flac -filter_complex 'amerge=inputs=2' -ac 2 mix.flac

If you messed up with recording the mono audio (forgot to use -ac 1), you can try the following:

ffmpeg -i mic.flac -i speakers.flac \
  -filter_complex \
   '[0:a][0:a]amerge=inputs=2[0a];
    [0a][1:a]amerge=inputs=2[outa]' -map '[outa]' -ac 2 \
  mix.flac

Image manipulation ​

Similar to video manipulation.

Image Resize ​

Resize an image to 1920x1080, only shrink and keep aspect ratio:

ffmpeg -i input.png -vf "scale=iw*min(1\,min(1920/iw\,1080/ih)):-2" -y output.png

Image Pad ​

Make an image become 1920x1080 by filling the surroundings with transparent background:

ffmpeg -i input.png -vf "pad=1920:1080:(1920-iw)/2:(1080-ih)/2:color=0x00000000" -y output.png

Image Convert ​

Convert an image to raw BGRA format:

ffmpeg -i input.png -f rawvideo -pix_fmt bgra -y image.raw